In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluation of Yttria-Niobia-Stabilized Zirconia Sandblasted Surface at Bone-Implant Interface with 3-Dimensional Visualization via Advanced Hard Tissue Clearing.

Although ALP gene expression increased on day 14 in both the SLA titanium and (Y,Nb)-TZP groups, with no statistically significant intergroup differences, COL1A1 exhibited a decreasing trend across both groups, showing a statistically significant reduction, specifically in the (Y,Nb)-TZP group.

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For OCN, an increasing trend was generally observed; however, only the SLA titanium group showed a statistically significant increase on day 14, with no statistically significant intergroup differences.

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