Role of Caffeine and Ethanol in Modulating Expression of Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor κβ (RANK) and Osteoprotegerin (OPG) during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: An In Vivo Study.

Acta Med Philipp · 2026 · PMC13233792 · PMID 42256097

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

RANK Expression The expression of RANK (Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor Kappa-B), a key marker of osteoclastogenesis, showed an increasing trend from the control group to the caffeine and ethanol treatment groups at both time points ( Table 1 ).

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