marginally significantp ‐value = 0.05
β species‐genetic diversity correlation was positive in the Western Indian Ocean using β jac ‐SD (Figure S2b ; Table 2 ; MLPE p ‐value < 0.01) and marginally significant using β jtu ‐SD (Figure 3c ; Table 2 ; MLPE p ‐value = 0.05), but never significant in the Caribbean Sea (Table 2 ; MLPE p ‐value > 0.05). 4 Discussion The spatial structure of habitats is recognized as a major determinant of connectivity between populations or communities by influencing how individuals move across space (Baguette et al. 2013 ; Cowman and Bellwood 2013 ; Riginos and Liggins 2013 ; Dalongeville et al. 2018 ).