Integrated precise temperature regulation and electrophysiology sensing system for nanoplasmonic photothermal cardiac bradyarrhythmia therapy.

Meanwhile, after 1 h of treatment at 38.5 °C, the firing rate exhibits an increasing trend and stabilizes at approximately 117% of the pre-treatment level, whereas fluctuations are observed at 38 °C and 39 °C (Fig. 4g–i ).

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