Effects of physical exercise intervention on romantic self-perception, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing among female college students.

Although several Shapiro–Wilk tests yielded marginally significant results, repeated-measures ANOVA is generally considered robust to mild departures from normality, particularly with sample sizes comparable to those of the present study.

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While the control group displayed relatively stable levels of wellbeing between the pretest and posttest measurements—with an effect size of d = 0.00 indicating a complete absence of change—participants in the intervention group experienced a meaningful increase in positive psychological functioning following regular participation in physical activity, with a within-group effect size of d = 0.93 indicating a large and practically significant improvement.

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