Multimodal machine learning integrates clinical and comorbidity data to predict breast cancer prognosis and treatment outcomes.

Patients with depression exhibited approximately 16 months shorter median survival compared to non-depressed patients, with highly significant separation (log-rank p = 0.001).

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For example, while cardiovascular diseases ( comorb_heart , HR = 1.1, p = 0.07) and hypertension ( comorb_hypertension , HR = 1.08, p = 0.11) showed marginal significance, their exclusion from traditional indices like the Charlson Comorbidity Index obscures critical treatment-limiting toxicities, such as cardiotoxicity during anthracycline therapy.

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