Analysis of the Spatiotemporal Digestion Characteristics of Pine Pollen Processed by Different Methods in Middle-Aged Adults Using an In Vitro Digestion Model System.

Foods · 2026 · PMC13257424 · PMID 42279674

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highly significantno p-value reported

However, the highly significant differences among the three experimental groups under identical basal medium formulations effectively demonstrate that the integrity of the sporopollenin exine leads to distinctly different successional tendencies in gut microbiota utilization of the substrate.

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