Trends and cross-country inequalities in the global burden of gastrointestinal cancers attributable to smoking, 1990-2021: A secondary dataset analysis of GBD Study 2021.

Tob Induc Dis · 2026 · PMC13261636 · PMID 42292703

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

A decreasing trend was observed in the ASMR and ASDR for colorectal cancer attributable to smoking ( Supplementary file Figures S1E and S1F ).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

However, an increasing trend in ASMR was noted in the Arab Republic of Egypt, the Kingdom of Lesotho, Georgia, and the Republic of Mali.

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