Rice straw and single-use plastic waste co-pyrolyzed plastic-char composite for the partial replacement of cement in concrete: a life cycle perspective.

The formation of fine particulates has a definite trend for all replacement levels, with a high probability of A < B at lower concentrations of biochar, gradually moving towards equality or slight improvement at higher replacement levels.

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Compared to this, the cement replacement level accounted for 9.87 (≈ 22.6%) of the total variation, with an F-value of 90.1, which, although highly significant, was much lower than that of curing age.

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