Impact of hospice care plus estazolam on sleep and psychological distress in advanced gastrointestinal cancer: a real-world observational study.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13272037 · PMID 42318383

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hedged sentence

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closest p · 0.0× alpha

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boldest claim

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highly significantP < 0.001actually significant

Furthermore, the PSQI score in the Hospice Care Group (5.68 ± 0.90) was significantly lower than that in the Routine Care Group (7.45 ± 1.19), reflecting a highly significant difference ( t = –8.714, P < 0.001), with a Cohen’s d of 1.043, which constitutes a large effect size, indicating that the treatment had a substantial and clinically meaningful impact on sleep quality ( Table 3 ).

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