a nonsignificant trendp = 0.05
Subgroup Analysis by Type of Surgery Cardiac surgery patients showed a nonsignificant trend toward shorter stays (MD = −1.21; 95% CI = −2.45 to 0.03; p = 0.05), whereas thoracic surgery demonstrated no effect (MD = 0.01; 95% CI = −0.19 to 0.21; p = 0.94; p for subgroup = 0.06) (Supporting Figure 16 ). 4.2.3.