Efficacy, IHS Guideline Adherence, and Methodological Quality of Noninvasive Neuromodulation Clinical Trials in Migraine and Cluster Headache: A Systematic Review.

Eur J Neurol · 2026 · PMC13278020 · PMID 42313755

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a positive trendno p-value reported

One double‐blind, sham‐controlled trial investigating nVNS for the acute treatment of cluster headache did not meet its IHS‐recommended primary endpoints of pain freedom within 15 min; however, it demonstrated a positive trend in treatment response, particularly among patients with episodic cluster headache (ECH).

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