Quantitative ultrasound evaluation of the thoracolumbar fascia after manual and acupuncture therapies: an exploratory mechanistic randomized controlled trial with a sequential within-subject phase.

In a three-timepoint sensitivity analysis, the contrast comparing change during the massage phase with that during the waitlist phase [(T 2 –T 1 ) minus (T 1 –T 0 )] remained highly significant for C|ShS| L (estimate: -51; p < 0.001), with unchanged results after adjustment for visit order ( p < 0.001) (Supplementary Table S5 ).

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