Disseminated Cryptococcosis in a Non-HIV Patient: Diagnostic Value of Integrating mNGS, Culture, and Antigen Testing.

12–14 In contrast, in regions with hot and humid climates or high HIV prevalence, such as South India and Brazil, although HIV-infected individuals still constitute the majority of cases, an increasing trend in non-HIV infections has also been documented. 15 , 16 Notably, the proportion of hospitalizations due to non-HIV-associated cryptococcal meningitis has increased from 16% in 1997 to 29% in recent years, 17 and the 90-day mortality rate in these patients has reached 41.7%, exceeding the 8.3% rate reported among HIV-associated cases. 6 These findings highlight the substantial challenges in the early diagnosis and clinical management of non-HIV-associated cryptococcosis.

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