Effectiveness of manual therapy, exercise, low-level laser therapy, ultrasound, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in reducing pain and improving mouth opening in temporomandibular joint disorders: A network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

While a borderline significant association between low level laser and treatment effects was identified in studies involving myogenous TMD ( P = .05), this pattern was not consistently observed across other interventions ( Table S10 , Supplemental Digital Content 13). 3.5.

also in 11,409 other papers

Primary outcome Overall, TMJ manual therapy, low-level laser therapy, and therapeutic ultrasound showed significant improvements in pain intensity (TMJ manual therapy: SMD = −2.58, 95% CI = −4.56 to − 0.60; low-level laser therapy: SMD = −2.04, 95% CI = −3.16 to − 0.93; therapeutic ultrasound: SMD = −2.74, 95% CI = −4.39 to − 1.08; TMJ exercise: SMD = −1.69, 95% CI = −3.32 to −0.07) and TENS showed a positive trend for pain improvement (SMD = −1.39, 95% CI = −2.28 to 0.03; Fig. 3 ).

also in 11,005 other papers