Enzyme-Assisted Ultrasonic Extraction of Flavonoids from Pinus koraiensis Needle Litterfall: Process Optimization, Component Identification, and In Vitro Bioactivity Evaluation

Antioxidants (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13295667

Europe PMC

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highly significantno p-value reported

The model yielded an F -value of 37.04 ( p < 0.0001), confirming that the regression was highly significant and suitable for describing the extraction of flavonoids from PN [ 45 ].

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

When the liquid-to-solid ratio exceeded 40:1, the TFC showed a decreasing trend.

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