Phytochemical Characterization and Antibiofilm Efficacy of Piper betle Extract and Essential Oils Against Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus spp. from Small Animals

Antibiotics (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13295859

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an apparent trendno p-value reported

An apparent trend between resistance phenotype and biofilm intensity was observed, as a higher proportion of MDR P. aeruginosa isolates exhibited strong biofilm-forming ability compared with non-MDR isolates (85.7% vs. 72.2%).

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