The Effects of Soil Moisture on the Pupation, Survival, and Emergence of the Tomato Leafminer, Tuta absoluta

Insects · 2026 · PMC13299490

Europe PMC

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Under 80% moisture, depth distribution was highly significant (F 3,6 = 154.75, p = 0.006), with pupation strongly concentrated in the shallowest layer (0–0.5 cm; 71.7 ± 3.33%) and no pupae recovered from deeper strata.

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