Gallic acid as a biointeractive dentin conditioning agent for universal adhesives: bond strength, iron retention, and surface characterization following ferric sulfate hemostatic contamination.

Although this design introduces within-tooth correlation for the adhesive type factor, the two specimens from each tooth were assigned to different adhesive types; consequently, any residual within-tooth correlation would be expected to act conservatively on the adhesive type comparison, reducing rather than inflating the F-statistic, and is therefore unlikely to account for the observed highly significant effect (F = 33.345, p < 0.001).

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