Excess Mortality as the Primary Mediator of COVID-19's Impact on Life Expectancy in Europe: A Multilevel Longitudinal Analysis of Regional Disparities.

Medicina (Kaunas) · 2026 · PMC13304147 · PMID 42356033

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

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closest p

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boldest claim

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highly significantno p-value reported

Its highly significant coefficient (−0.085) quantifies the direct cost to life expectancy from the mortality shock.

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