The case of the V operator is even more striking, as \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$\Delta [V(t) Y]$$\end{document} Δ [ V ( t ) Y ] is clearly non-negligible across all training times, although it also shows a decreasing trend as training proceeds.
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