highly significantp < 0.001
Both cultivars exhibited highly significant differences between the control and high-temperature groups (p < 0.001), with positive t-statistics in both cases, further confirming that high-temperature stress exerts a statistically significant inhibitory effect on petal number. 4 Discussion This study presents an improved approach combining deep learning and machine learning for predicting petal numbers in cut chrysanthemum inflorescences and validates its effectiveness through comprehensive experiments.