Monitoring muscle oxygen saturation during forest trail hiking: a prospective open-label quasi-experimental study with facility-based allocation examining physiological and immunological responses in older adults.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC13316143 · PMID 42050009

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

an increasing trendno p-value reported

Although macrophage levels in this study largely remained within the normal range, a decreasing trend was observed in the CON, whereas the FTH exhibited an increasing trend.

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