Assessment of apoptosis and autophagy in oral squamous cell carcinoma cell line treated with salivary exosomes.

3 a). NKX2-3 expression Analysis of the autophagy-related marker NKX2-3 demonstrated a highly significant increase in expression levels in Group II relative to Group I (p < 0.001), reflecting a notable modulation of autophagy pathways following sExosome treatment (Table 2 , Fig. 3 b).

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