Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation in the Interstage Period After Norwood and Related Stage I Palliations in Infants With Single Ventricle: A Systematic Review of Incidence, Risk Factors, and Outcomes.

3 , 7 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 In considering change in perioperative practice and stratifying studies into 3 eras (based on midpoint of recruitment periods: early era [1990–2000, 2 studies]; middle era [2001–2010, 8 studies]; and contemporary era [2011–2025, 4 studies]), there appeared to be an increasing trend in ECMO incidence.

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