Effects of Common Food Additives Kappa-, Iota- and Lambda-Carrageenans on Intestinal Epithelial Cell Activation and Barrier Disruption.

Clin Exp Allergy · 2026 · PMC13327219 · PMID 41942402

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The expression of tumour necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) showed an increasing trend as the concentration of κ‐carrageenan increased, while κ‐carrageenan downregulated the expression of beta nerve growth factor (beta‐NGF), amphiregulin (AREG), matrix metalloproteinase‐1 (MMP‐1) and osteoprotegerin (OPG) in a dose‐dependent manner.

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