highly significantP < 0.001
Fixed-effect analysis: time, POD grouping, and their interaction The main effect of time was highly significant in both the unadjusted and adjusted models (unadjusted: F = 22.099, P < 0.001; adjusted: F = 20.886, P < 0.001; Table 7 ), indicating that CrSO 2 levels changed significantly over the 48-hour postoperative period rather than remaining stable.