Effects of Calorie Restriction With and Without Strength, Endurance or Mixed Training on Fat-Free and Skeletal Muscle Mass in Overweight or Obese Individuals-A Systematic Review With Pairwise Meta-Analysis and Network Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Studies.

Diabetes Obes Metab · 2026 · PMC13341414 · PMID 42144246

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0590

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0670

boldest claim

The sentences

narrowly missed statistical significancep = 0.059so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Mixed training produced a significantly greater reduction in body mass than CR alone (MD = −1.19 kg, 95% CI: −2.12, −0.26; p = 0.012), while endurance training narrowly missed statistical significance (MD = −0.75 kg, 95% CI: −1.53, +0.03; p = 0.059).

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fell just short of statistical significancep = 0.067so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

An additional network meta‐analysis, conducted to account for the repeated use of the same control group in multi‐arm studies, revealed that mixed training yielded the largest effect (MD = +1.20 kg, 95% CI: +0.67, +1.73 kg; p < 0.001, P‐score = 0.93), followed by strength training (MD = +0.83 kg, 95% CI: +0.17, +1.49; p = 0.013; P‐score = 0.66), while endurance training fell just short of statistical significance (MD = +0.51 kg, 95% CI: −0.04, +1.05; p = 0.067; P‐score = 0.41).

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