A ten-year change in blood parasite infection in a sympatric wall-lizard community (genus Podarcis) from the Atlantic coast of Portugal.

Parasitol Res · 2026 · PMC13346367 · PMID 42144495

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almost significantno p-value reported

Temporal assessment of changes in parasite infection status identified significant relationships with year of sampling, with a significant decrease in prevalence in 2021, and an almost significant decrease in 2013, with the variable “year” of maximum importance and present in all top models (Table 2 ).

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an expected trendno p-value reported

All this indicates the actual regional climatic trend is towards a mean annual temperature increase (IPMA, 2025 ) and, considering the observed positive significant relationship between infection prevalence and ambient temperature, would suggest an expected trend of increasing infection prevalence, with 2021 possibly corresponding to an isolated, out-of-trend drop due to its very low positive anomaly (IPMA, 2025).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.