Independent and combined associations of cannabis and nicotine use with postoperative outcomes after cervical and lumbar interbody fusion: a retrospective cohort study.

N Am Spine Soc J · 2026 · PMC13352403 · PMID 42434720

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.1220

closest p · 2.4× alpha

0.1220

boldest claim

The sentences

a nonsignificant trendp = 0.122not close (p > 0.1)

Fecal incontinence occurred in 1,215 patients (0.8%) and was significantly associated with nicotine-only use (aOR 1.20, 95% CI 1.06–1.37, p = 0.006) and concurrent use (aOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.05–2.37, p = 0.028), with a nonsignificant trend for cannabis-only use (aOR 1.75, 95% CI 0.86–3.56, p = 0.122).

also in 5,406 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.