Our findings are highly significant, especially for WTCHP responders, a unique population exposed to an extreme air pollution event linked to numerous adverse health outcomes. 46 A 2025 study found increased diabetes risk associated with higher WTC exposures among responders. 12 Therefore, it is especially important to investigate the health effects of environmental exposures on glycemic status later in life among this potentially vulnerable cohort.
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The association between long-term exposure to PM2.5 constituents and diabetes incidence and blood glucose levels among World Trade Center Health Program general responders.
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