The MEK inhibitor trametinib incurs mitochondrial injury and induces innate immune responses in the mouse heart.

GSEA functional annotation revealed highly significant differential expression of transcripts in the hallmark interferon-β response (NES = –3.3, FDR = 0) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) Janus kinase signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) signaling (NES = −2.1, FDR < 0.0001) pathways ( Fig. 2F ), both of which are classical innate immune response pathways.

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