An E3 Aptamer-Modified T Cell-Derived Exosomal Nanoplatform for Codelivery of Astragaloside IV and PESV: Enhancing Prostate Cancer Therapy Through Immune Modulation with Implications for Clinical Translation.

Int J Nanomedicine · 2026 · PMC13361220 · PMID 42445833

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

The results of PD-L1 protein and mRNA levels in tumor tissue showed a decreasing trend in the Exo group, though the changes were not statistically significant.

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