Probiotic Bifidobacterium bifidum BGN4 supplementation modulates gut microbiome composition and reduces circulating zonulin, TNFα, and insulin in adults with excess adiposity: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Nutr Metab (Lond) · 2026 · PMC13361739 · PMID 42116047

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Similarly, baseline HOMA-IR was close to 2.9, the commonly used cut-off for identifying insulin resistance, and showed a decreasing trend following B. bifidum BGN4 supplementation [ 58 ].

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