A Probiotic Combination of <i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> DM083 and <i>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus</i> DM163 Improves Glycemic Control and Insulin Resistance in High-Fat-Diet-Induced Obese Mice.

However, pairwise comparisons showed that this overall difference was driven primarily by the dietary contrast, as all ND-versus-HFD-based comparisons were highly significant (R 2 = 0.281–0.404, p = 0.001), whereas the high-dose probiotic group did not differ significantly from the HFD control group (HFD vs.

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Hepatic Gluconeogenic Gene Expression Hepatic Pck1 (PEPCK) expression showed an increasing trend in the HFD control group compared to the ND group, although this difference did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 4 A).

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