<i>Lactiplantibacillus plantarum</i> <sup>WJL</sup> ameliorates chronic kidney disease by inhibiting fibroblast growth factor 21 adaptive stress response via low protein diet.

Participants in the LPD group displayed similar profiles to those observed in the CKD mice model, including significant reductions in BW (~−1.4 kg) and BMI (~−0.5 kg/m 2 ; Table 2 ) with a nonsignificant trend toward lower caloric intake despite nutritional support (20.7 ± 1.5 vs 23.8 ± 1.4 kcal/kg/d; p = 0.14).( Figure 2c ) At T0, glucose homeostasis was similar between groups; however, LPD feeding improved glucose tolerance without modification of insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) or β -cell function (HOMA- β ), as compared to the ND group ( Figure 2d–e , Table 2 ).

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