A paracrine-to-autocrine shunt of GREM1 fuels colorectal cancer metastasis via ACVR1C.

Mol Cancer · 2026 · PMC13371181 · PMID 41578299

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

We observed a stage-dependent redistribution of GREM1 + cells: in early-stage tumors (stage I–II), GREM1 + stromal cells were predominantly restricted to the peritumoral stroma; in stage III, these cells more frequently infiltrated the tumor parenchyma; in stage IV, infiltration of GREM1 + stromal cells showed a decreasing trend (with no statistically significant difference compared to stage III).

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