highly significantp < 0.001
Although ADAS‐Cog scores in the metformin group improved from 16.9 ± 6.1 at baseline to 11.9 ± 3.7 at the 1‐year endpoint ( p < 0.001), the difference between the two treatment arms was highly significant ( p < 0.001), as no comparable benefit was observed in the acarbose–donepezil group (17.0 ± 5.9 to 15.9 ± 3.9, p = 0.295). 15 Daphnetin is a natural coumarin derivative with multiple pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐apoptotic effects. 16 It provides “triple protection” for the blood, vascular endothelium, and ischemic tissues by inhibiting inflammation, anticoagulation, and thrombosis; preserving endothelial integrity; and regulating vasoactive substances.