Differential Proteomic Response to Smoking Exposure Underlies Reduced Parkinson's Disease Risk in Women.

While cumulative smoking exposure was associated with a highly significant increase in circulating alpha-synuclein (SNCA) (ß = 0.0036, p = 0.000165) and caspase-3 (CASP3) (p = 0.04), we observed a concurrent, female-specific upregulation of the proteostatic co-chaperone BAG3 (p = 0.02).

also in 132,142 other papers