Enhanced Lignin Recovery from Saccharum officinarum via Organosolv Fractionation with Using Low-Acid Catalyst Concentration for Sustainable Biorefinery Applications.

The ANOVA results reveal that the treatment temperature ( B ) and treatment duration ( C ) are the most significant factors, with F -values of 306.36 and 99.49, and p -values of <0.0001 and 0.0002, respectively. The quadratic terms ( A 2 , B 2 , and C 2 ) are highly significant ( p < 0.0001), indicating a clear nonlinear relationship.

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Combined with the recovered lignin yield results, the lignin purity exhibited an increasing trend as the acid concentration increased from 0.05% to 0.10% and the temperature increased from 145 to 165 °C.

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