Direct, minimally intrusive quantification of rebreathing in the circle breathing system during spontaneous breathing: a proof-of-concept feasibility study.

Results The total maximum rebreathing volumes originating from the breathing tubing were 0.54 ± 0.05 mL, 0.47 ± 0.03 mL, and 0.43 ± 0.03 mL, respectively, showing a decreasing trend with increasing fresh gas flow.

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The minimum pressures during inspiration were −0.99 ± 0.15 cmH 2 O, −0.63 ± 0.09 cmH 2 O, and −0.45 ± 0.08 cmH 2 O, respectively, showing an increasing trend with increasing fresh gas flow ( Table 1 ; Figure 4B ).

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