Beyond citation-based metrics: Measuring interdisciplinarity via SBERT semantic embeddings and its heterogeneous effects on citation impact.

For convergent validity, the SBERT‐based semantic interdisciplinarity indicator showed moderate but highly significant positive correlations with the two conventional metrics (r = 0.333–0.347, p < 0.001), confirming it captures shared aspects of interdisciplinarity with traditional reference-based measures.

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