Socioeconomic inequalities in obesity among older adults in the Astana region of Kazakhstan: evidence of a reversed socioeconomic gradient.

Front Public Health · 2026 · PMC13395783 · PMID 42500011

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0490

closest p · 1.0× alpha

0.0730

boldest claim

The sentences

borderline significantp = 0.049actually significant

61.8%, p < 0.001), while BMI category distribution showed only a borderline significant difference by residence ( p = 0.049).

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borderline significancep = 0.073so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Rural residence was significantly associated with lower odds of overweight in Models 1 and 2, but this association was attenuated to borderline significance in Model 3 (OR 0.67, 95% CI 0.43–1.04, p = 0.073).

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