Optimized spatial planning offers a dual solution for managing urban heat and air pollution in humid subtropical climates.

Nat Commun · 2026 · PMC13396456 · PMID 42218154

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a positive trendno p-value reported

Based on the landcover dataset from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) 94 , we identified a positive trend in compactness of 0.016 per year in the GBA from 2001 to 2024, indicating progressively more compact urban development (Supplementary Fig. 16 ).

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