Artificial intelligence-based analysis of retinal vascular changes in the preclinical and early stages of diabetic retinopathy using ultra-widefield fundus imaging: an observational cross-sectional study.

Front Med (Lausanne) · 2026 · PMC13407527 · PMID 42523877

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

Whole-field mean vessel diameter was lower in the No-DR group than in controls, with intermediate values in NPDR, while total vessel length showed a decreasing trend across controls, No-DR, and NPDR.

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