a trend toward significancep = 0.061
Multivariate logistic regression (3 variables, 32 events; EPV = 10.7, meeting the conventional ≥ 10 threshold) demonstrated that lymph node involvement (N+) remained a significant predictor of high VEGF expression (OR = 2.85; 95% CI: 1.12–7.24; p = 0.028), while tumor stage showed a trend toward significance ( p = 0.061).