highly significantp < 0.001
The sex difference in directional discordance also persisted and remained highly significant (χ 2 (2) = 29.784, p < 0.001): among females, lower-than-tertile 48.5%, matching 39.4%, higher-than-tertile 12.1%; among males, lower-than-tertile 27.2%, matching 37.0%, higher-than-tertile 35.9%.