D- and L-lactate consumers are taxonomically, biochemically, and energetically different.

ISME Commun · 2026 · PMC13411273 · PMID 42524415

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highly significantP = 6 × 10 −36actually significant

These contrasting strategies are highly significant ( P < <0.001, Welch’s t- test, t = 54.6, P = 6 × 10 −36 ; n = 18 for D-lactate, n = 20 for L-lactate) and likely alter competitive dynamics in lactate-limited systems.

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