Phytochemical Elucidation and Biological Activity Spectrum of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.: Mechanistic Insights into the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Apoptosis-Inducing Anticancer Effects of Carnosic Acid.

Metabolites · 2026 · PMC13413829 · PMID 42506412

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0100

closest p · 0.2× alpha

0.0100

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp < 0.01actually significant

Statistical analysis confirmed that the differences in IZDs between carnosic acid and ciprofloxacin were highly significant for all tested microorganisms ( p < 0.01–0.001), thereby substantiating the greater in vitro efficacy of the reference antibiotic under the applied experimental conditions.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.

Phytochemical Elucidation and Biological Activity Spectrum of &lt;i&gt;Rosmarinus officinalis&lt;/i&gt; L.: Mechanistic Insights into the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Apoptosis-Inducing Anticancer Effects of Carnosic Acid.

The sentences

Phytochemical Elucidation and Biological Activity Spectrum of <i>Rosmarinus officinalis</i> L.: Mechanistic Insights into the Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and Apoptosis-Inducing Anticancer Effects of Carnosic Acid.