highly significantp < 0.001
Dimensionality and Construct Validity Bartlett’s test of sphericity was highly significant (χ 2 = 4862.25, df = 153, p < 0.001), and the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) index showed excellent adequacy (overall KMO = 0.95; all item MSA values ≥ 0.93), confirming the dataset’s suitability for factor analysis.